Definition and Examples of Verbiage in English

Definition and Examples of Verbiage in English Definition Verbiage is the utilization of a greater number of words than would normally be appropriate to adequately pass on importance in discourse or composing: longwindedness. Appear differently in relation to brevity. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary characterizes verbiage as [s]uperfluous bounty of words, monotonous composition absent much by way of importance, inordinate longwindedness, verbosity. See Examples and Observations beneath. Additionally observe: AcademeseBafflegabBattologyBloviationBomphiologiaCampaign to Cut the Clutter: Zinssers BracketsLiterature and the Schoolmam, by H.L. MenckenOn Sadlers Bombastic Declamations, by Thomas Babington MacaulayOverwritingPadding (Composition)Purple ProseThe Style of Woodrow, by H.L. Mencken EtymologyFrom the Old French, to chatterâ Models and Observations What I fear is: verbiage.(Joseph Conrad, letter to Hugh Walpole, December 2, 1902)It is a midden and a criminal frequent and stuffed to the gills each split-up low deluding house and back street with footpads and coiners and sprinters of poor ladies, with uncertificated pox-specialists and feline gut spinners, with tripe-traders and gossip mongers and hare raisers and slaughterers of the tranquility of the Lord. For what reason should your sibling lodge there, Claffey? Might he be able to not come here to us at Cockspur Street?He may do that yet, Claffey said.As for the man you call Sligdoes he not keep that notorious basement where we stopped when we were newly arrived?By the dribbling blood of Christ! Vance said. I am tired of your verbiage. Slig is a sworn sibling of mine. Slig gave you straw and a sanctuary for fourpence. Scandalous basement? It was a typical sort of basement. I let you know, OBrienit was acceptable, of its kind.Sick of my verbiage? the Giant said. Tired of my ac counts, also?I leave them to the savages that need soothing.(Hilary Mantel, The Giant, OBrien. Henry Holt, 1998) Overabundance Verbiage-Dont bore your crowd with abundance verbiage: be succinct.(Sharon Weiner-Green and Ira K. Wolf, How to Prepare for the GRE, sixteenth ed. Barrons Educational Series, 2005)- Using abundance with verbiage is repetitive. Verbiage without anyone else implies longwindedness or an overabundance of words. In this manner, you could state that the expression overabundance verbiage is verbiage.(Adrienne Robins, The Analytical Writer: A College Rhetoric, second ed. University Press, 1996)- Part of the multifaceted nature of the issue with verbosity, tedium and abundance verbiage originates from the normal propensity for distinctive individuals to utilize such a large number of extra pointless words that are unquestionably not expected to make the real lucidity of the particular correspondence precious stone clear.Lets revise that sentence, removing the verbiage: Verbosity is the utilization of a bigger number of words than would normally be appropriate for clear correspon dence. Weve gone from 45 words to 12.(Timothy R. V. Cultivate, Better Business Writing. Kogan Page, 2002) Euphemisms and VerbiageEuphemisms are not, the same number of youngsters figure, futile verbiage for that which can and ought to be said obtusely; they resemble mystery specialists on a fragile strategic, should airily pass by a smelling play with scarcely to such an extent as a gesture of the head. Code words are unsavory facts wearing conciliatory cologne.(Quentin Crisp, Manners from Heaven, 1984) Persuasive Verbiage[A] trademark fixing in all epideictic speech and writing [is] the open door it manages the rhetor for self-show. . . . Be that as it may, this equivalent open door for self-show risks deliquescing into rough ability to entertain, bogus presenting, empty mystery, void verbiage, insignificant rhetoricas it does in the Roman time frame known as the Second Sophistic, and does again in [Robert] Frosts most vulnerable sonnets (wafer barrel astuteness, smart incidental data; to some high moderns the ordure of the common). This remaining parts a standing impulse to any epideictic rhetor and imprints an outrageous good ways from epideictics unique worry with the soundness of the metro polity.(Walter Jost, Epiphany and Epideictic: The Low Modernist Lyric in Robert Frost. A Companion to Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism, ed. by Walter Jost and Wendy Olmsted. Blackwell, 2004) The Lighter Side of VerbiageStubb: Took you sufficiently long, you vacillating moron! Weve been sitti ng tight in that swamp for such a long time, Ill be pulling leeches off me under parts for ages!Jack Sparrow: Ah Stubb, your verbiage consistently evokes such a flawless image.(Stephen Stanton and Johnny Depp in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Legend of Jack Sparrow, 2006) Elocution: VUR-honey bee ij Exchange Spellings: verbage (for the most part viewed as a blunder)

Development Of The Electricity Generation Engineering Essay

Advancement Of The Electricity Generation Engineering Essay Section 1 Presentation 1.1 Introduction: Advancement of the power age developed quickly from forever. Power age is a procedure that produce electric vitality from other type of vitality, the vast majority of the significant organization that give an electric gracefully in Malaysia utilizing Non-Renewable source to create the power, for example, diesel and coal. Diesel and coal will be utilized to work the motor so as to pivot the turbine to producing the power. Force creation is the greatest and quickest developing asset of global force request greater than the measure of essential force utilized in the vehicle and private/. Interest for power continues ascending in all regions around the world. Occupants and monetary advancement are two huge variables, similarly as they are for the evaluated need improvement in different forces. In any case, with power there is an extra viewpoint at work: the change to power from different kinds of intensity, for example, oil or biomass for lighting style and warming in the home, or non-renewable energy source in the expert business. Power can be creating utilizing a generator. This generator will have two principle parts, rotor and stator. It was like the engine development. The EMF delivered by Faradays law of acceptance because of similar development of copper with a perpetual attractive field in the electric generator turbines. At the point when a perpetual attractive is moved similar to a conductor, or the other way around, an electromotive force will exist. In the event that the link is connected through an electric item, flow will stream and along these lines electric force is created, changing the specialized intensity of development to electric force 1.2 Problem Statement In later of the years, the utilization of non-sustainable assets to produce power is extremely high. Cost to create a power will be high to purchase the assets to do the age of the electric force, the contamination will be happen when the age procedure. There are a few techniques to do the age of electric force utilizing inexhaustible assets, for example, windmill, sun based, hydro and so forth the issue for this strategy is the expense to construct a dam for hydro is excessively high, appropriate spots for windmill and material for sunlight based board is costly too. These days there have imagined a few result of smaller than normal generator set and its as of now in the market. This item was in two men dealing with and compact, its utilizing a motor to turn the turbine to create the power. Be that as it may, this item is just give the versatility with a little size, this item needs to utilize the fuel to run the motor so as to pivot the turbine to create the electrical force. Its still not taking care of the principle issue, the expense and the contamination issue. Point The primary point of this venture is to actualize the recovery of electric force utilizing engine and generator. Objective 1. Learning Objectives Find out about AC and DC Current and change of kind of the electrical vitality. Figure out how to create an electrical vitality. How the generator create an electrical vitality. Information base on power age, sorts of intensity and furthermore have an expertise to deal with the machine that will create the power. 2. Framework Objectives To plan the inverter circuit for charging the battery To build up the battery charging circuit To create the AC capacity to work the heap 3. Application Objectives Military : Give a force gracefully when they are out of the lattice. Home machines reason : Give a reinforcement power when the principle power gracefully is have an issue Little Consumer : Give a force gracefully to the market seller without utilizing a normal generator set Research technique: Rundown down the general thought and sketch the principle part of the general thought. Develop a square outline dependent on the general plan to perceive how the framework functions. Pick the part and gather the specialized information about the whole segment that will be utilized in this task. Test the segment and gadget to sure it works appropriately to get less blunder in testing full plan of the task. Picking and fitting programming that will be utilized to reproduce the circuit that will be plan in the task, do a test in bread board to see the mistake for investigating reason before fixed the circuit on PCB board. Section 2 Writing AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 Theoretical Background Electrical force that created as a rule is a substituting flow (AC). Be that as it may, an electrical age and capacity gadget produce direct flow (DC). Air conditioning flow is an electric charge that move occasionally switches course, the development for the most part in sine wave yet in certain application an alternate waveform are utilize, for example, triangular waveform and square waveform. This AC current ordinarily utilized at the business, business and little shopper than DC current. Electric force is spared reliably in electro-concoction ties inside battery power that power a lot of helpful and lightweight gadgets. Be that as it may, battery power dont extend quite well. They are minor with regards to sparing force for transport and theyre significantly progressively minor with regards to lines power. In the event that we can store electrical force from open utility age includes successfully. We could build the presentation of electrical projects. We could diminish our reliance on ineffectual and harming top shaving creating plants. We likewise could altogether diminish the event of intensity shutdowns since source force would consistently be available when required. Power is the factual result of two sums present and current. These two sums can contrast as to time or can be known as AC control or can be kept at persistent levels or can be known as DC power. Most machines, cooling, pushes and business hardware use AC power while most PCs and electronic gear use DC power. Air conditioning power has the benefit of being anything but difficult to change over among flows and can be delivered and used by brushless gear. DC power remains the main reasonable alternative in electronic frameworks and can be more financially savvy to convey over long ranges at exceptionally high flows. The ability to rapidly change over the current of AC vitality is significant for two components. As a matter of first importance, vitality can be ignored on long ranges with less decrease at more noteworthy flows. So in the vitality frameworks where creation is far away from the fill, it is appropriate to step-up the current of vitality at the creation factor and afterward step-down the current close to the fill. Also, it is frequently more savvy to set up generators that create more noteworthy flows than would be utilized by most hardware, so the ability to rapidly change over flows shows this befuddle between flows can be immediately taken care of. Direct flow (DC) is a unidirectional progression of the electric charge, this kind of flow is creates by sources, for example, batteries, sun based cell and so on this sort of flow additionally can move through the conduit as same as an AC flow, and furthermore can course through semiconductor, separator and so on. DC current can be prod uce by correcting an AC current trough the electronic circuit course of action. 2.1.1 Generation of Electric Power Force Engineering manages the age, transmission and appropriation of power just as the structure of a scope of related gadgets. These incorporate transformers, electric generators, electric engines and force gadgets. The force framework is an electrical system that associates an assortment of electric generators to the clients of electric force. Clients buy power from the lattice keeping away from the expensive exercise of producing their own. Force specialists may chip away at the plan and upkeep of the force framework just as the force frameworks that associate with it. Such frameworks are approached lattice power frameworks and may gracefully the matrix with extra force, draw power from the network or do both. Force architects may likewise deal with frameworks that don't associate with the network. These frameworks are canceled network power frameworks and might be utilized in inclination to on-lattice frameworks for an assortment of reasons. For instance, in remote areas it might be less expensive for a mine to produce its own capacity as opposed to pay for association with the lattice and in most versatile applications association with the matrix is essentially not down to earth. Today, most networks embrace three-stage electric force with substituting flow. This decision can be halfway credited to the simplicity with which this sort of intensity can be created, changed and utilized. Frequently, the force is part before it arrives at private clients whose low-power machines depend upon single-stage electric force. Be that as it may, numerous bigger businesses associations despite everything want to get the three-stage power legitimately on the grounds that it tends to be utilized to drive exceptionally proficient electric engines, for example, three-stage acceptance engines. Transformers assume a significant job in power transmission since they permit capacity to be changed over to and from higher voltages. This is significant in light of the fact that higher voltages endure less force misfortune during transmission. This is on the grounds that higher voltages consider lower current to convey a similar measure of intensity, as force is the result of the two. In this manner, as the voltage ventures up, the present strides down. It is the present coursing through the parts that bring about both the misfortunes and the ensuing warming. These misfortunes, showing up as warmth, are equivalent to the flow squared occasions the electrical opposition through which the flow streams, so as the voltage goes up the misfortunes are drastically decreased. Hence, electrical substations exist all through force lattices to change over capacity to higher voltages before transmission and to bring down voltages appropriate for apparatuses after transmission.

How to Integrate the Impact Effort Matrix into Your Study Routine

How to Integrate the Impact Effort Matrix into Your Study Routine EP 41: How to Integrate the Impact Effort Matrix into Your Study Routine EP 41: How to Integrate the Impact Effort Matrix into Your Study Routine When you are in a time crunch it can seem like everything is urgent. Maybe you have to get a paper in, you have to clean your house, and you have to study for an exam on Tuesday. All of these tasks seem important and, in a sense, URGENT. In cases like this, it can help to have a tool like the Impact Effort Matrix you help you make decisions about where your focus should be. Join us on Episode 41 for more on how to increase your productivity during crunch time. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi guys and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne and this is the Homework Help Show hosted by Homework Help Global. Cath Anne: [00:00:15] University and college programs are challenging. We all know that we start this semester and we fill out our planners, we make appointments on our phone, and we have the best intentions to do the most with the time that we have. However it comes to the end of the semester and generally we are dealing with a time crunch. Despite our best intentions there is not always enough time to complete all the tasks provided. And today we wanted to provide you for a tool that you can implement into your life in order to manage the time crunch. Cath Anne: [00:00:55] Weve all been there chugging coffee at 12 AM, propping yourself up on your desk in class, trying not to fall asleep, and sneaking in a quick nap on the couch. Dont worry youre not alone. Sometimes theres just not enough time to complete every task that youre assigned. We know that now is a time crunch for some of you guys. So we wanted to jump in and give you a tool that you can implement into your life right away so that you can manage your time a little bit better and set some priorities for this crunch time. [00:01:29] Now, I wanted to give a shout out to YouTuber and all around awesome guy Thomas Frank for this tool which is called the Impact effort matrix. This is a tool that he developed on his own from another persons matrix to get tasks done. If you want to check out more of Thomas Franks info and some of his awesome content you can check him out on college info geek dot com and also look him up on his YouTube channel. He has all kinds of different information about how to maximize your time in university and college and how to be the best student you can be. [00:02:08] Lets dive into the impact effort matrix. When youre in a time crunch it can seem like everything is urgent. Maybe you have a paper due tomorrow. You have to clean your house and you have to study for an exam on Tuesday. In cases like this it can help to have a tool like the impact effort matrix in order to decide where your efforts should be put and where your attention should be placed. Lets discuss. In the impact effort matrix tasks are assigned a score dependent on their overall impact for the success of a project as well as the effort it will take to complete that task. [00:02:47] Let me give you an example so that you can then get an idea of how the impact effort matrix may fit into your life. Pretend youre working on an assignment a final paper is required for your Psychology 101 class. Your professor would like a research proposal based on potential research that you are going to conduct. But this weekend you also have that project. Your family is celebrating your brothers birthday which you would like to attend. And you also have an exam to study for that is due on Tuesday. In this case you decide to use the impact effort matrix in order to prioritize your time and the various tasks that you are required to complete. For the research proposal you are required to complete a 3000 word essay composed of all of the components of a research proposal. You know that one of the important components is the research question along with the literature review and the method section. These components of the paper will make up the bulk of the paper. In other words they will make the biggest impact. You know that your professor is focusing on these portions of the paper so you decide to make them priority number one. They will take a high amount of effort and they will have a big impact. So these will fit into a high effort high impact quadrant in the impact effort matrix. Second, you also know that your professor will be looking for appropriate references. You also know that if you dont include appropriate references you may be accused of plagiarism if you do not say your references properly. Youre familiar with how to do APA format and you know that the references will make a high impact. In this case, adding proper references will make a high impact with a little effort. Your professor has also offered a bonus option of including an interesting podcast portion of the assignment in which you justify your research proposal to a colleague your professor has offered a 5% bonus in addition to the grade that you get on your paper. However you recognize that this would take a lot of effort to implement and to organize. So you choose to opt out of this one. [00:05:07] When deciding to apply the impact effort matrix there are some components you should consider. They Are the following: What the core deliverables are, the grading criteria for the project and which components count for the highest grade, what percentage of your grade each assignment counts for, how much each component will contribute to the knowledge you have and which will help you do the best on your exam in the future. Now, in order to properly use the impact effort matrix, once you have assigned scores to each of the tasks, then you have to do them of course. [00:05:41] It is the most important to focus on the highest impact and the highest effort tasks first. Completing the task so it falls into this quadrant first its important because you want to use all of your energy to focus on the high impact, high effort tasks first and then youll have energy left over to focus on smaller tasks. As we know we are all really busy with school. It can take a lot of energy to focus on a lot of different projects and so we want to make sure that all of our energy is going into the efforts that have the biggest impact. Cath Anne: [00:06:13] Okay so thats it for me this week guys. I hope this episode is a benefit. As always if you have any questions leave them in the comments below. If you liked this video make sure to give it a thumbs up and subscribe to our channel so you dont miss out on any of our content. If youre looking to check out any more of our content look at the description box below. All other social media platforms are linked there so that you can gain access to our content into our website and services. Thanks guys again I hope this episode was of benefit. Good luck on your crunch time. Have a great week and take care.

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder Essay - 1503 Words

As typical as mood swings can be in everyday life, persistence and regularity of mood swings can reveal a mental illness. A mental illness called bipolar disorder has two types, type one and type two. This paper will be more specific to type one bipolar disorder. Type one â€Å"involves periods of severe mood episodes from mania to depression† (Colin, 2013), and it affects â€Å"more than 1% of the world’s population irrespective of nationality, ethnic origin, or socioeconomic status† (Grande et al., 2015). It can also be described as â€Å"episodes of depression and at least one episode of full-blown mania† (DSM-5). To thoroughly understand type one bipolar disorder, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options must be discussed. Important factors to note when diagnosing bipolar disorder is â€Å"family history, depressive symptoms, and course of illness, such as when emotional episodes started† (Colin, 2013). Episodes can be classed as ‘depressive’, ‘manic’ or ‘mixed’, and are interspersed by periods of normal mood. Depressive episodes are characterized by â€Å"a depressed mood, abnormal sleeping and eating, psychomotor retardation, and recurrent thoughts of death† (Furnham et al., 2009). Common manic symptoms during these episodes among individuals with bipolar disorder include â€Å"motor agitation, psychic agitation or intense inner tension, and racing or crowded thoughts† (Goldberg et al., 2009). Besides bipolar disorder being caused by abnormal emotional episodes, there can also be geneticShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder706 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that is characterized by cha nges in mood. It can lead to risky behavior, damage relationships and careers, and even suicidal outcomes if it’s not treated. Bipolar disorder is more common in older teenagers and young adults, it can affect children as young as 6. Women experience more periods of depression than men. More remains to be learned about this condition that affects millions of people. Aretaeus of Cappadocia began the process of detailingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1454 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the greatly investigated neurological disorders is Bipolar Disorder. Regrettably, due to social stigma, funding issues, and a lack of education, many who are dealing with this disorder do not receive adequate treatment. Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, it is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, and the ability to carry out normal daily tasks. Symptoms of the disorder are severe and diverse from the normal ups and downs that everyone goesRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1486 Words   |  6 Pagespeople may think that having bipolar disorder means that anyone with the disorder are just simply put, â€Å"crazy†, I was one of those people but the meanings of those two things couldn’t possibly be any more different. Bipolar disorder is defined as â€Å"A disorder ass ociated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.†(google.com) â€Å"Bipolar disorder is a chronic illness with recurring episodes of mania and depression†(nami.org). â€Å"The term â€Å"bipolar† — which means â€Å"two poles† signifyingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1020 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar disorder, formally known as ‘manic depression’, is known for its extreme mood swings; these can last anything from weeks to months and are far more extreme than moods most people would experience. 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Furthermore, due to the extreme mood swings and emotionalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pages1 HelenKeller541 Physiology October 26, 2016 Abstract: Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder; also referred to as manic depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V, 2013). Bipolar disorder is a depressive disorder with manic episodes, it is placed between the chapters on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders in recognition of their place as a bridge between the two diagnostics in terms of symptomology, family historyRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disorder is simply defined as a manic depressive illness, which affects a persons mood and energy. However, the way it affects a person’s mood is dramatic and severe. These are severe moods are called episodes of mania and depression, which means a person who suffers from bipolar disorder might be extremely excited and happy one day, and extremely depressed the next day. In some cases, depressive or manic episodes last weeks, and in some cases these episodes last days. People who suffer fromRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1493 Words   |  6 PagesRorman Ms. Chrisman English 10 30 November 2016 Bipolar Disorder If people don’t get enough sleep and miss a meeting, they are just upset, but for people with bipolar disorder, it can trigger another episode to their week. Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder that can cause shifts in people s mood that are more unusual. Signs and symptoms can be different depending on if the person has manic or depressive episodes. A person with the disorder can also give their family and friends struggles, asideRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1390 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch of bipolar disorder will not only describe in detail the symptoms and affects of this mood disorder, but it will also include the advantages, disadvantages of the treatment and medications, and the major role that medications take. Bipolar disorder involves periods of elevated or irritable mood (mania), alternating with episodes of depression (Moore and Jefferson, 2004). The â€Å"mood swings† of mania and depression are very sudden and can happen at anytime any place. Bipolar disorder is categorizedRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1700 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorders, also known as manic depression, are mental disorders characterized by shifting moods between depression and mania (Bressert, 2016). Those with a bipolar disorder, have extreme emotional states called mood periods. In the United States, more than 10 million people have bipolar disorder (Kennedy, 2015). It is lifelong, but can be treated. Although it can easily be treated, once patients choose to stop taking their medication their symptoms worsen. Around 15 percent

Human Rights Research Paper Iran - 1929 Words

Human Rights Research Paper Introduction Iran has long been known to be opposed to freedom of expression, and in recent years, their negative mentality towards it has been too prevalent. In November 2015, Soheil Arabi, a 30 year old Iranian citizen, posted a negative comment on Facebook, involving the prophet Muhammad. Iran’s strict and brutal laws regulating expression rights quickly came into action and showed their dark side by convicting him, upholding the death penalty, and taking his life.1 Soheil Arabi’s situation provides insight into the brutality and corruption of the Iranian government; they prevent dissidence from their subjects, rule over them with extreme control, and severely punish their citizens. Along with Soheil†¦show more content†¦Many of these people are being brutally tortured and sentenced to death. The government supposedly benefits from this from not having their citizens leak information about their country, but this isn’t the best way of solving that problem, one tha t arguably doesn’t quite exist. Although the Iranian government has tried to keep their country running the same corrupt way, many outside organizations are trying to allay the problem. Independent journalists and social media bloggers are writing about the injustice and corruption in Iran. Also, a show called Parazit, similar to the Daily Show, makes fun of the government and brings hope to the Iranian Nation. The show is produced by the Voices Of America, or VOA. The VOA is supposedly funded by the CIA. The new president, Hassan Rouhani, who has also made it his goal to raise awareness about the issue, said, â€Å"my advice that I give on a daily basis, on a continuous basis, to the Judiciary, is never about a specific individual.† The president of Iran doesn’t necessarily have the power to change the corrupt laws and fix all of the problems with the government, as most of that power lies within the judiciary branch, but he is advocating for a law reform, and he is freeing illegally detained priso ners in Iran. Historical Background What the people in Iran can do has long been an

Forbes reports Free Essays

The self-declared diva and her rapper spouse, who, Forbes reports, together earned more than $70 million in 2011, leased the 11-section of land property for $400,000, as per the New York Post, only for one month. The New York Post likewise reported that the rapper used $600,000 on a robust gold, carefully assembled stallion from Japanese gem specialist Gina Tanana for Blue VIVO’, when she as conceived, and Beyond © and Jay-Z supposedly used $1. 5 million on blessings for their now 2-year-old child (Amethyst Tate – International Business Times). We will write a custom essay sample on Forbes reports or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the tour comes to an end, the super stardom couples are still proactively working and adhering to the needs of their many fans. Bayonne is due to return to the studio to begin working on her fifth studio recording album. As it relates, this upcoming album will not be release secretly as the self titled album BAYONNE was released during the beginning of 2014, which shocked the entire nation. Jay Z is also scheduling his next Naughty By Nature, Biggie Smalls and Outpace Shakier. This album is said to be one of the greatest Hip Hop collaboration ever to embrace entertainment, says Hip Hop weekly reporter. The above mentioned premises clearly points out a successful and happy marriage. As we are fully aware, this power couple is one of the most exclusive couples on the face of the earth. Bayonne managed to hide her pregnancy from the world until the day of birth of her daughter. The couple secretly invited some of the world’s elite to their exclusive wedding ceremony at Jay G’s New York apartment without anyone being made aware of this harmonious event but those invited. This Ewing said, this exclusive and very careful couple are serious about concealing their lives from the public. Just like any natural human being, their business should be their business. In sum, the writer of this original inductive argument proves no point of this rumored possibility. As it relates, inductive arguments are developed though causal arguments, generalizations, and arguments by analogy which are presented in inductive argument forms. This reporter is clearly displaying the ad hoc fallacies as described from the informal logical fallacies family, as he presents an argument due to the circumstances of the two super stars. To present this statement to be true, the writer points out Bayonne, changing the lyrics to one of her beautiful but extremely depressing (in themed) ballads are actually the smoke signals representing the â€Å"truth† to this rumor. This article is extremely week as it relates only on assumptions. There are no presented hard pieces of evidences which points out that in fact, Bayonne and Jay Z will be soon divorcing upon the completion of their current â€Å"On The Run† tour. The authors inductive arguments are build solely on a foundation of rumors, paparazzi, internet blobs and social medial. How to cite Forbes reports, Papers

International Business free essay sample

The freedom in the world survey evaluates the state of political rights and civil liberties around the world. Provide a description of this survey and a â€Å" freedom† ranking of the leaders and laggards of the world. What factors does this survey consider when forming the ranking? Answer: 1. General information 1. 1. Concept The Freedom in the World survey, which has been published since 1972, is an annual evaluation of the state of freedom in every country in the world.The survey divides freedom into two broad categories: political rights and civil liberties. Political rights allow people to join political parties and organizations, compete for public office, vote freely for distinct alternative candidates in legitimate elections, and elect representatives who have a real impact on public policies and are accountable to voters. Civil liberties allow for the freedoms of expression and belief, associational and organizational rights, rule of law, and personal autonomy, including economic freedom, without interference from the state. We will write a custom essay sample on International Business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 2. Original of Freedom rankingFreedom in the World, Freedom House’s flagship publication, is the standard-setting comparative assessment of global political rights and civil liberties. Published annually since 1972, the survey ratings and narrative reports on 193 countries and 15 related and disputed territories are used by policymakers, the media, international corporations, civic activists, and human rights defenders to monitor trends in democracy and track improvements and setbacks in freedom worldwide. The Freedom in the World survey provides an annual evaluation of the state of global freedom as experienced by individuals.The survey measures freedom-the opportunity to act spontaneously in a variety of fields outside the control of the government and other centers of potential domination-according to two broad categories: political rights and civil liberties. Political rights enable people to participate freely in the political process, including the right to vote freely for distinct alternatives in legitimate elections, compete for public office, join political parties and organizations, and elect representatives who have a decisive impact on public policies and are accountable to the electorate.Civil liberties allow for the freedoms of expression and belief, associational and organizational rights, rule of law, and personal autonomy without interference from the state. The survey does not rate governments or government performance per se, but rather the real-world rights and freedoms enjoyed by individuals. Thus, while Freedom House considers the presence of legal rights, it places a greater emphasis on whether these rights are implemented in practice. Furthermore, freedoms can be affected by government officials, as well as by non-state actors, including insurgents and other armed groups.Freedom House does not maintain a culture-bound view of freedom. The methodology of the survey is grounded in basic standards of political rights and civil liberties, derived in large measure from relevant portions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. These standards apply to all countries and territories, irrespective of geographical location, ethnic or religious composition, or level of economic development. The survey operates from the assumption that freedom for all peoples is best achieved in liberal democratic societies.The survey includes both analytical reports and numerical ratings for 194 countries and 14 select territories. Each country and territory report includes an overview section, which provides historical background and a brief description of the years major developments, as well as a section summarizing the current state of political rights and civil liberties. In addition, each country and territory is assigned a numerical rating-on a scale of 1 to 7-for political rights and an analogous rating for civil liberties; a rating of 1 indicates the highest degree of freedom and 7 the lowest level of freedom. International Business free essay sample The notion that national economies are relatively self-contained entities is on the rise.For the last 50 years, the volume of goods, services and investment crossing national borders has consistently expanded faster than world output.   Today, the world economy is fast moving toward a world in which barriers to cross-border trade and investment are declining. The shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy is referred to as globalization.   The merging of historically distinct and separate markets into one huge global marketplace is known as the globalization of markets. The majority of U. S. firms that export are large multinationals that employ 500 or more people. The most global markets currently are markets for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over. Outsourcing is a process that is limited to manufacturing enterprises.   Because of their nature, service activities cannot be outsourced to other companies. The World Bank is responsible for maintaining order in the American monetary system. We will write a custom essay sample on International Business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the UN central mandates is the promotion of higher standards of living, full employment and conditions of economic and social progress and development. Underlying the trend towards greater globalization is technological change and a decline in barriers to the free flow of goods, services and capital.   According to the United Nations most changes between 1992 and 2005 to laws governing FDI have resulted in a less favorable environment for FDI. According to WTO data, the volume of world merchandise trade has grown faster than the world economy since 1950. The expansion of world trade implies that nations are becoming less dependent on each other for important goods and services. Moores Law predicts that the power of microprocessor technology doubles and its cost of production falls by half every 18 months.   Efficiency gains associated with containerization have caused transportation costs to fall dramatically. The advent of commercial jet travel, by reducing the time needed to get from one location to another, has effectively shrunk the globe. Today global communication networks and global media are creating a worldwide culture.   In the early 1960s, the United States was by far the worlds dominant industrial power. However by 2006, it lost its dominant position and now is no longer the worlds largest industrial power.   By 2004, the U. S. ad seen its share of exports fall to almost half its share in the 1960s. According to forecasts, a further relative decline in the share of world output and world exports accounted for by the United States and other long-established developed nations is unlikely. In contrast many economists and politicians maintain that the power of supranational organizations is limited to what nation-states collectively agree to grant. They argue that these bodies exist to serve the collective interests of member states, not to subvert those interests. Supporters of supranational organizations point out that the power of these bodies rests largely on their ability to persuade member states to follow a certain action. In this view, real power still resides with individual nation-states, not supranational organizations. International business free essay sample This is one game that India has permanently lost to its arch-rival Pakistan manufacturing and exporting sports goods. Historically, when India and Pakistan were one before 1947, Sialkot, now in Pakistan, used to be the worlds largest production centre for badminton, hockey, football, volleyball, basketball, and cricket equipment. After the creation of Pakistan, Jalandhar became the second centre after Hindus in the trade migrated to India. Soon Jalandhar overtook Sialkot and till the early 1980s it remained so. However when the face of the trade began to change in the 1980s and import of quality leather and manufacturing equipment became a necessity for quality production, Pakistan wrested the initiative as India clung it its policies of discouraging imports through high duties and restrictions. As it was, the availability of labor and skills was a common factor in both Sialkot and Jalandhar, but with Sialkot having the advantage of easier entry, most of the worlds top sports manufactures and procedures developed an association with local industry in Sialkot that continues even today. We will write a custom essay sample on International business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ten years later, in the early 1990s, when Manmohan Singh liberalised the norms for importing equipment and raw material required for producing sports goods, it was too late as majority of the global majors had already shifted base to Sialkot. In 1961 the late Narinder Mayor started the first large scale sports goods manufacturing unit, Mayor Company, thereby laying the foundation of an organized industry. Even today, more than 70 percent of the industry functions in an unorganized manner. Starting with soccer balls, Mayor expanded to produce inflatable balls like volleyballs, basketballs, and rugby balls. Today his two sons Rajan Rajesh have built it up into five companies engaged in a wide array of businesses, though sports goods remain the groups core business. While the parent trading company, Mayor Company, remains the leading revenue-earner to the tune of Rs. 55 crore annually out of a total group turnover of Rs. 85 crore-plus, Mayors second venture, the Indo-Australian Mayor International Limited, is spinning another Rs. 15 crore. Mayor International is a 100 per cent export-oriented unit (EOU) exclusively manufacturing and exporting golf and tennis balls. The product portfolio of the company comprises the following: Inflatable Balls †¢Soccer balls and footballs (Professional, Indoor, Match and Training, leisure toy) †¢Volley balls, rugby balls (Volley balls and Beach Volley Balls) †¢Australian rugby, hand balls (English League, Union and touch) (Australian rules, Australian Rugby League balls with laces) Boxing Equipment †¢Boxing and punching balls (Boxing and Punching Balls, Head Gear, Gloves, Punching Mitts and Kits Punching Bags Bag Sets) †¢Gloves †¢Goal keepers gloves (Football / Soccer) †¢Boxing gloves Cricket Equipment †¢Worldwide distributor for Spading Cricket Bats, Balls and Protective equipment. HOCKEY EQUIPMENT †¢Worldwide distributor for Spading Hokey Sticks, Balls Protective equipment Based in Delhi, Rajan Mayor, 41 is the CMD of the group, which also comprises an IT division working on B2B and B2C solutions; Voyaguer World Travels in the tourism sector; a houseware exports division specializing in stainless steel kitchenware, ceramics, and textiles; and a high school. Younger brother Rajesh, 34, is the executive director and looks after all the divisions operating in Jalandhar. Technical director Katz Nowaskowski divides his time equally between India and Australia, where he looks after the group’s interests. â€Å"While inflatable balls are our prime competence in our core business, we are presently focusing on golf balls, for which we are the sole producers in South Asia. Out of a total Rs. 300 crore of sports goods business generated in domestic market, most of which is supplied by the unorganized players, golf balls constitute a miniscule amount and therefore we came up with a 100 per cent EOU for producing golf balls. Later the same facility was utilized with little moderation for tennis balls too,† says Nowaskowaski. Clarifying that the sports good industry in India only includes playing equipment and not apparels or shoes, D K Mittal, chairman of the Sports Goods Export Promotion Council and joint secretary in the Ministry of Commerce, has certified Mayor group as the number one exporter since 1993 till date, barring 1996. However, SGEPC secretary Tarun Dewan points out that being the number one exporter does not mean that Mayor is the number one brand being exported. â€Å"Actually we have tie ups Dunlop, Arnold Palmer, and Fila for manufacturing golf balls. For footballs and volleyballs we have association with Adidas, Mitre, Puma, Umbro, and Dunlop. We manufacture soccer World Cup and European Cup replicas for Adidas, which is a huge market. Only 400 balls used for actual play in the World Cup are manufactured in Europe that too only for sentimental reason, otherwise we are capable of delivering products of the same, if not better quality. Now since we manufacture balls for them, we cannot antimonies them by producing balls of similar quality with our own brand name. Secondly, I agree that competing with such big quaint in the world market in terms of branding is a task that is well beyond our reach at the moment. However, we are trying to brand ourselves in the domestic market and that is one of the prime focus in the coming year,† says Rajan. Coca-Cola, Unilever, McDonald’s, American Airlines, Disney club, and other such big brands come up with huge orders at tines for golf balls with their logos for promotional schemes. However, there is no mention of the producing country since these companies do not want to show that balls they deliver in the US are being produced in Asia, â€Å"Not only is our quality good enough; labour in India is cheap enough to churn out a much less expensive product in the end. Yet, the main threat to our industry comes from countries like Taiwan and China, who have already cornered a chunk of world markets in tennis, badminton, and squash rackets. This is primarily because of two reasons – slow response to our needs in tune with the market requirements from the government and lack of infrastructure. And most importantly, tags ‘Made in China’ or ‘Made in Taiwan’ are more acceptable in the West than ‘Made in India’ or ‘Made in Pakistan’. One of the mottos of the Mayor group has been to make ‘Made in India’ an acceptable label in the West. For that we stress quality, timely delivery, and competent rates. Yet, a lot depends on perception value, which in our case is sadly on the negative side, much owing to our government’s stance over the years. Things might be improving, but the pace is very slow and as our economy drifts towards a free market scenario supinely, it might just prove to be too little too late in the end,† says Rajesh. Today, Mayor group is sitting pretty as its competitors, Soccer International Sakay Trades, Savi, Wasan, Cosco, Nivia and Spartan are only trying to catch up in the inflatables category. With 1. 2 million dozen golf balls, Mayor is way ahead of its competitors. The company is planning to enhance its manufacturing capacity to 1. 5 million dozen golf next fiscal. With approval from the world’s two top golf associations – the US PGA and RNA of Scotland, demand for its product is not a problem, the company’s senior marketing officials point out. With the markets in Mayor’s current export destinations – Europe, North America, Australia, and Nw Zealand – all set to expand in the coming years after the present slump, Mayor wants to expand its sports goods business that caters to 60 per cent of its overall exports. Though 40 per cent of exports come from house ware manufactured in Delhi and Mumbai, with export centres in the same countries for its sports goods, just about maintaining this business at its present state, and concerning entirely on sports goods is what the mayors are intent on. With nearly 2000 skilled workforce; quality certification from ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001: 2004; and having spread to more than 40 countries, Mayor and Company is obviously sitting pretty. Questions 1. What routes of globalization has the Mayor group chosen to go global? What other routes could it have taken? 2. What impediments are coming in the Mayor group’s way becoming a major and active player in international business? 3. Why is ‘Made in India’ not liked in foreign markets? What can be done to erase the perception? CASE II ARROW AND THE APPAREL INDUSTRY Ten years ago, Arvind Clothing Ltd. , a subsidery of Arvind Brands Ltd. , a member of the Ahmedabad based Lalbhai Group, signed up with the 150-year old Arrow Company, a division of Cutlet Peabody Co. Inc. , US, for licensed manufacture of Arrow shirts in India. What this brought to India was not just another premium dress shirt brand but new manufacturing philosophy to its garment industry which combined high productivity, stringent in-line quality control, and a conducive factory ambience. Arrow’s first plant, with a 55,000 sq. ft. area and capacity to make 3,000 to 4,000 shirts a day, was established at Bangalore in 1993 with an investment of Rs. 18 crore. The conditions inside – with good lighting on the workbenches, high ceilings, ample elbow room for each worker, and plenty of ventilation, were a decided contrast to the poky, crowded, and confined sweatshops characterizing the usual Indian apparel factory in those days. It employed a computer system for translating the designed shirt’s dimensions to automatically mark the master pattern for initial cutting of the fabric layers. This was installed, not to save labour but to ensure cutting accuracy and low wastage of cloth. The over two-dozen quality checkpoints during the conversion of fabric to finished shirt was unique to the industry. It is among the very few plants in the world that makes shirts with 2 ply 140s and 3 ply 100s cotton fabrics using 16 to 18 stitches per inch. In March 2003, the Bangalore plant could produce stain-repellant shirts based on nanotechnology. The reputation of this plant has spread far and wide and now it is loaded mostly with export orders from renowed global brands such as GAR, Next, Espiri, and the like. Recently the plant was identified by Tommy Hilfiger to make its brand of shirts for the Indian market. As a result, Arvind Brands has had to take over four other factories in Bangalore on wet lease to make the Arrow brand of garments for the domestic market. In fact, the demand pressure from global brands which want to out outscore from Arvind Brands, is so great that the company has had to set up another large for export jobs on the outskirts of Bangalore. The new unit of 75,000 sq. ft. has cost Rs. 16 crore and can turn out 8,000 to 9,000 shirts per day. The technical collaborates are the renowned CF Italia of Italy. Among the cutting edge technologies deployed here are a Gerber make CNC fabric cutting machine, automatic collar and cuff stitching machines, pneumatic holding for tasks like shoulder joining, threat trimming and bottom hemming, a special machine to attach and edge stitch the back yoke, foam finishers which use air and steam to remove creases in the finished garment, and many others. The stitching machines in this plant can deliver up to 25 stitches per inch. A continuous monitoring of the production process in the entire factory is done through a computerized apparel production management system, which is hooked to every machine. Because of the use of such technology, this plant will need only 800 persons for a capacity which is three that of the first plant which employs 580 persons. Exports of garments made for global brands fetched Arvind Brands over Rs. 60 crore in 2002, and this can double in the next few years, when the new factory goes on full stream. In fact, with the lifting of the country-wise quota regime in 2005, there will be a surge in demand for high quality garments from India and Arvind is already considering setting up two more such high tech export-oriented factories. It is not just in the area of manufacture but also retailing that the arrow brand brought a wind of change on the Indian scene. Prior to its coming, the usual Indian shirt shop used to be a clutter of racks with little by way of display. What Arvind Brands did was to set up exclusive showrooms for Arrow shirts in which the functional was combined with the aesthetic. Stuffed racks and clutter were eschewed. The products were displayed in such a manner that the customer could spot their qualities from a distance. Of course, today this has become standard practice with many other brands in the country, but Arrow showed the way. Arrow today has the largest network of 64 exclusive outlets across India. It is also present in 30 retail chains. It branched into multi-brand outlets in 2001, and is present in over 200 select outlets. From just formal dress shirts in the beginning, the product range of Arvind Brands has expanded in the last ten years to include casual shirts, T-shirts, and trousers. In the pipeline are light jackets and jeans engineered for the middle age paunch. Arrow also tied up with the renowed Italian designer, Renato Grande, who has worked with names like Versace and Marlboro, to design its Spring / Summer Collection 2003. The company has also announced its intention to license the Arrow brand for other lifestyle accessories like footwear, watches, undergarments, fragrances, and leather goods. According to Darshan Mehta, President, Arvind Brands Ltd. , the current turnover at retail price of the Arrow brand in India is about Rs. 85 crore. He expects the turnover to cross Rs. 100 crore in the next few years, of which about 15 per cent will be from the licensed non-clothing products. In 2005, Arvind Brands launched a major retail initiative fir all its brands. Arvind Brands licensed brands (Arrow, Lee and Wrangler) had grown at a healthy 35 per cent rate in 2004 and the company planned to sustain the growth by increasing their retail presence. Arvind Brands also widened the geographical presence of its home-grown brands, such as Newport and Ruf-n-Tuf, targeting small towns across India. The company planned to increase the number of outlets where its domestic brands would be available, and draw in new customers for readymades. To improve its presence in the high – end market, the firm started negotiating with an international brand and is likely to launch the brand. The company has plans to expand its retail presence of Newport Jeans, from 1200 outlets across 480 towns to 3000 outlets covering 800 towns. For a company ranked as one of the world’s largest manufacturers of denim cloth and owners of world famous brands, the future looks bright certain for Arvind Brands Ltd. Company Profile Name of the Company:Arvind Mills Year of Establishments:1931 Promoters:Three brothers – Katurbhai, Narottam Bhai and Chimnabhai Divisions:Arvind Mills was spilt in 1993 into three units – textiles, telecom and garments. Arvind Brands Ltd. (textile unit) is 100 per cent subsidiary of Arvind Mills. Growth Strategy:Arvind Mills has grown through buying – up of sick units, going global and acquisition of Germanand US brand names. Questions 1. Why did Arvind Mills choose globalization as major route to achieve growth when domestic market was huge? 2. Hoe does lifting of Country-wise quota regime’ help Arvind Mills? 3. What lessons can other Indain business learn from the experience of Arvind Mills? CASE III AT THE RECEIVING END ! Spread over 121 countries with 30,000 restaurants, and serving 46 million customers each day with the help of more than 400,000 employees, the reach of McDonald’s is amazing. It all started in 1948 when two brothers, Richard and Maurice ‘Mac’ McDonald, built several hamburger stands, with golden arches in southern California. One day a traveling salesman, Ray Kroc, came to sell milkshake mixers. The popularity of their $O. 15 hamburgers impressed him, so he bought the world franchise rights from them and spread the golden arches around the globe. McDonald’s depends on its overseas restaurants for revenue. In fact, 60 percent of its revenues are generated outside of the United States. The key to the company’s success is its ability to standardize the formula of quality, service, cleanliness and value, and apply it everywhere. The company, well known for its golden arches, is not the world’s largest company. Its system wide sales are only about one-fifth of Exxon Mobil or Wal-Mart stores. However, it owns one of the world’s best known brands, and the golden arches are familiar to more people than the Christian cross. This prominence, and its conquest of global markets, makes the company a focal point for inquiry and criticism. McDonald is a frequent target of criticism by anti-globalization protesters. In France, a pipe-smoking sheep farmer named Jose Bove shot to fame by leading a campaign against the fast food chain. McDonald’s is a symbol of American trade hegemony and economic globalization. Jose Bove organized fellow sheep farmers in France, and the group led by him drove tractors to the construction site of a new McDonald’s restaurants and ransacked it. Bove was jailed for 20 days, and almost overnight an international anti-globalisation star was borne. Bove, who resembles the irrelevant French comic book hero Asterix, traveled to Seattle in 1999, as part of the French delegation to lead the protest against commercialization of food crops promoted by the WTO. Food, according to him, is too vital a part of life to be trusted to the vagaries of the world trade. In Seattle, he led a demonstration in which some ski-masked protestors transhed at McDonald’s/ As Bove explained, his movement was for small farmers against industrial farming, brought about by globalization. For them, McDonald’s was a symbol of globalization, implying the standardization of food through industrial farming. If this was allowed to go on, he said, there would no longer be need for farmers. â€Å"For us†, he declared, â€Å"McDonald’s is a symbol of what WTO and the big companies want to do with the world†. Ironically, for all of Bove’s fulminations against McDonald’s, the fast food chain counts its French operations among its most profitable in 121 countries. As employer of about 35,000 workers, in 2006, McDonald’s was also one of France’s biggest foreign employers. Bove’s and his followers are not the only critics of McDonald’s. Leftists, anarchists, nationalists, farmers, labor unions, environmentalists, consumer advocates, protectors of animal rights, religious orders and intellectuals are equally critical of the fast food chain. For these and others, McDonald’s represents an evil America. Within hours after US bombers began to pound Afghanistan in 2001, angry Pakistanis damaged McDonald’s restaurants in Islamabad and an Indonesian mob burned an American flag. McDonald entered India in the late 1990s. On its entry, the company encountered a unique situation. Majority of the Indians did not eat beef but the company’s preparations contained cow’s meat nor could the company use pork as Muslims were against eating it. This left chicken and mutton. McDonald’s came out with ‘Maharaja Mac’, which is made from mutton and ‘McAloo Tikki Burger’ with chicken potato as the main input. Food items were segregated into vegetarian and non-vegetarian categories. Though it worked for sometimes, this arrangement did not last long. In 2001, three Indian businessmen settled in Seattle sued McDonald’s for fraudulently concealing the existence of beef in its French fries. The company admitted its guilt of mixing miniscule quantity of beef extract in the oil. The company settled the suit for $10 million and tendered an apology too. Further, the company pledged to label the ingredients of its food items, and to find a substitute for the beef extract used in its oil. McDonald’s succeeded in spreading American culture in the East Asian countries. In Hong Kong and Taiwan, the company’s clean restrooms and kitchens set a new standard that elevated expectations throughout those countries. In Hong Kong, children’s birthdays had traditionally gone unrecognized, but McDonald’s introduced the practice of birthday parties in its restaurants, and now such parties have become popular among the public. A journalist set forth a ‘Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention’ based on the notion that countries with McDonald’s restaurants do not go to war with each other. A British magazine, The Economist, paints an yearly ‘Big Mac Index’ that uses the price of a Big Mac in different foreign currencies to access exchange rate distortions. Questions : 1. What lessons can other MNCs learn from the experience of McDonald’s? 2. Aware of the food habits of Indians, why did McDonald’s err in mixing beef extract in the oil used for fries? 3. How far has McDonald’s succeeded in strategizing and meeting local cultures and needs? CASE IV BPO-BANE OR BOON ? Several MNCs are increasingly unbundling or vertical disintegrating their activities. Put in simple language, they have begun outsourcing (also called business process outsourcing) activities formerly performed in-house and concentrating their energies on a few functions. Outsourcing involves withdrawing from certain stages/activities and relaying on outside vendors to supply the needed products, support services, or functional activities. Take Infosys, its 250 engineers develop IT applications for BO/FA (Bank of America). Elsewhere, Infosys staffers process home loans for green point mortgage of Novato, California. At Wipro, five radiologists interpret 30 CT scans a day for Massachusetts General Hospital. 2500 college educated men and women are buzzing at midnight at Wipro Spectramind at Delhi. They are busy processing claims for a major US insurance company and providing help-desk support for a big US Internet service provider – all at a cost upto 60 percent lower than in the US. Seven Wipro Spectramind staff with Ph. Ds in molecular biology sift through scientific research for western pharmaceutical companies. Another activist in BPO is Evalueserve, headquartered in Bermuda and having main operations near Delhi. It also has a US subsidiary based in New York and a marketing office in Australia to cover the European market. As Alok Aggarwal (co-founder and chairman) says, his company supplies a range of value – added services to clients that include a dozen Fortune 500 companies and seven global consulting firms, besides market research and venture capital firms. Much of its work involves dealing with CEOs, CFOs, CTOs, CLOs and other so-called C-level executives. Evalueserve provides services like patent writing, evaluation and assessment of their commercialization potential for law firms and entrepreneurs. Its market research services are aimed at top-rung financial service firms, to which it provides analysis of investment opportunities and business plans. Another major offering is multilingual services. Evalueserve trains and qualifies employees to communicate in Chinese, Spanish, German, Japanese and Italian, among other languages. That skill set has opened market opportunities in Europe and elsewhere, especially with global corporations. ICICI Infotech Services in Edison, New Jersey, is another BPO services provider that is offering marketing software products and diversifying into markets outside the US. The firm has been promoted by $2-billion ICICI Bank, a large financial institution in Mumbai that is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In its first year after setting up shop in March 1999, ICICI Infotech spent $33 million acquiring two information technology services firms in New Jersy – Object Experts and lvory Consulting – and Command Systems in Connecticut. These acquisitions were to help ICICI Infotech hit the ground in the US with a ready book of contracts. But it soon found US companies increasingly outsourcing their requirements to offshore locations, instead of hiring foreign employees to work onsite at their offices. The company found other native modes for growth. It has started marketing its products in banking, insurance and enterprise source planning among others. It has ear- $10 million for its next US market offensive, which would go towards R D and back-end infrastructure support, and creating new versions of its products to comply with US market requirements. It also has a joint venture – Semantik Solutions GmbH in Berlin, Germany with the Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering, which is based in Berlin, Germany with the Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering, which is based in Berlin and Dortmund, Germany, Fraunhofer is a leading institute in applied research and development with 200 experts in software engineering and evolutionary information. A relatively late entrant to the US market, ICICI Infotech started out with plain vanilla IT services, including operating call centers. As the market for traditional IT services started weakening around mid-2000, ICICI Infotech repositioned itself as a â€Å"Solutions† firm offering both products and services. Today, it offers bundled packages of products and services in corporate and retail banking and insurance, among other areas. The new offerings include data center and disaster recovery management and value chain management services. ICICI Infotech’s expansion into new overseas markets has paid off. Its $50 million revenue for its latest financial year ending March 2003 has the US operations generating some $15 million, while the Middle East and Far East markets brought in another $9 million. It now boasts more than 700 customers in 30 countries, including Dow Jones, Glaxo – Smithkline, Panasonic and American Insurance Group. The outsourcing industry is indeed growing from strength. Though technical support and financial services have dominated India’s outsourcing industry, newer fields are emerging which are expected to boost the industry many times over. Outsourcing of human resource services or HR BPO is emerging as big opportunity for Indian BPOs with global market in this segment estimated at $40-60 billion per annum. HR BPO comes to about 33 percent of the outsourcing revenue and India has immense potential as more than 80 percent of Fortune 1000 companies discuss offshore BPO as a way to out costs and increase productivity. Another potential area is ITES/BPO industry. According to a NASSCOM Survey, the global ITES/BPO industry was valued at around $773 billion during 2002 and it is expected to grow at a compounded annual growth rate of nine percent during the period 2002-06. NASSCOM lists the major indicators of the high growth potential of ITES/BPO industry in India as the following : During 2003-04, The ITES/BPO segment is estimated to have achieved a 54 percent growth in revenues as compared to the previous year. ITES exports accounted for $3. 6 billion in revenues, up from $2. 5 billion in 2002-03. The ITES-BPO segment also proved to be a major opportunity for job seekers, creating employment for around 74,400 additional personnel in India during 2003-04. The number of Indians working for this sector jumped to 245,500 by March 2004. By the year 2008, the segment is expected to employ over 1. 1 million Indians, according to studies conducted by NASSCOM and McKinsey Co. Market research shows that in terms of job creation, the ITES-BPO industry is growing at over 50 percent. Legal outsourcing sector is another area India can look for Legal transcription involves conversion of interviews with clients or witnesses by lawyers into documents which can be presented in courts. It is no different from any other transcription work carried out in India. The bottom-line here is again cheap service. There is a strong reason why India can prove to be a big legal outsourcing industry. India, like the US, is a common-law jurisdiction rooted in the British legal tradition. Indian legal training is conducted solely in English. Appellate and Supreme Court proceedings in India take place exclusively in English. Indian legal opinions are written exclusively in English. Due to the time-zone differences, night time in the US is daytime in India which means that clients get 24 hour attention, and some projects can be completed overnight. Small and mid-sized business offices can solve staff problems as the outsourced lawyers from India take on the time consuming labour intensive legal research and writing projects. Large law firms also can solve problems of overstaffing by using the on-call lawyers. Research firms such as Forrester Research, predict that by 2015, more than 489,000 US lawyer jobs, nearly eight percent of the field, will shift abroad. Many more new avenues are opening up for BPO services providers. Patent writing and evaluation services are markets set to boom. Some 200,000 patent applications are written in the western world annually, making for a market size of between $5 billion and $7 billion. Outsourcing patent writing service could significantly lower the cost of each patent application, now anywhere between $12,000 and $15,000 apiece – which help expand the market. Offshoring of equity research is another major growth area. Translation services are also becoming a big Indian plus. India produces some 3,000 graduates in German each year, which is more than in Switzerland. Though going is good, the Indian BPO services providers cannot afford to be complacent, Phillippines, Mexico and Hungary are emerging as potential offshore locations. Likely competitor is Russia, although the absence of English speaking people there holds the country back. But the dark horse could be South Africa and even China. BPO is based on sound economic reasons. Outsourcing helps gain cost advantage. If an activity can be performed better or more cheaply by an outside supplier, why not outsource it ? Many PC makers, for example, have shifted from in-house assembly to utilizing contract assemblers to make their PCs. CISCO outsources all productions and assembly of its routers and switching equipment to contract manufacturers that operate 37 factories, all linked via the Internet. Secondly, the activity (outsourced) is not crucial to the firm’s ability to gain sustainable competitive advantage and won’t hollow out its core competence, capabilities, or technical knowhow. Outsourcing of maintenance services, data processing, accounting, and other administrative support activities to companies specializing in these services has become common place. Thirdly, outsourcing reduces the company’s risk exposure to changing technology and / or changing buyer preferences. Fourthly, BPO streamlines company operations in ways that improve organizational flexibility, cut cycle time, speedup decision making and reduce coordination costs. Finally, outsourcing allows a company to concentrate on its crore business and do what it does best. Are Indian companies listening? If they listen, BPO is a boon them and not a bane. Questions 1. Which of the theories of International trade can help Indian services providers gain competitive edge over their competitors? 2. Pick up some Indian services providers. With the help of Michael Porter’s diamond, analyze their strengths and weaknesses as active players in BPO. 3. Compare this case with the case given at the beginning of this chapter. What similarities and dissimilarities do you notice? Your analysis should be based on the theories explained in this chapter. CASE V THE SAGA CONTINUES It was the talk of the town in Bangalore during the late 1970s and early 1980s. The plant was coming up on the Bangalore – Yelahanka Road, about 20 km from the city. Everything the people over three did became a folklore. The buildings were huge with wonderful architecture, beautifully built with wide roads and huge spaces. Should a situation demand, the entire plant could be dismantled, bundled up, loaded into trucks and ferried to other places. Lighting inside the building had to be seen to be believed. Interiors had to be seen to be believed. Washrooms, stores, reception, canteen, healthcare, had to be seen to be believed. It had never happened elsewhere. It was amazing, the boss was not addressed as Sir, he was called Mr. - and so ! The yellow painted buses on the city roads made a delightful sight. Legends were fold about the two gentlemen